Everyone is different. Basically the idea is get perfect at all the sets & reps then move up. It's hard to give an exact figure as it depends upon competence & exercises chosen.
So 10 pounds on squat wouldn't relate to 10 pounds on a dumbbell kickback for example, also on how many reps & sets you're doing effect results.
My advice is to focus on form, aim at getting perfect reps, once you get all your reps & sets perfect go up a few pounds, then repeat. As you are a beginner you won't need to cycle your training or anything, just head up slowly, keeping the form tight.
There is no need to worry. I would begin by sticking to reps of around 8-12 reps for 3 sets. Even if you plan to become a powerlifter & want to do less reps or sets, this gives you a chance to learn the lifts, get the form perfect. Once you've been at it a few more weeks, then if you like you can play around with other protocols, but for now I'd keep a slow, steady increase as the strength develops. Don't forget rest & food if you want the gains to continue.
Bear in mind having longer limbs means that you have more distance to overcome than a person who is 5 foot 5 inches, so it's likely you'll progress more slowly. All you have to think of is you will be progressing over the next 20 years at least as long as you keep training steadily. So, you have the next 20 years of looking better (assuming that's a goal) &/or of improving in overall strength. Training will get you fairly quick results, but it's over the long term when you make the almost magical change of lifting numbers that frighten your friends or neighbours
Stay consistent, eat, train & rest, add weight when you can & once you stop making gains cycle your training (go lighter & work up to a new top weight). That is how to train in a few words.
To give you some ideas about what you should be aiming at:
Shoulder press should equal body weight (B/W)
Bench press should be 1.5x B/W
Barbell back squat should be 2x B/W
Deadlift should be 2.5x B/W
another option I've heard is:
on a normal Olympic bar 45 pounds or 20Kg
a plate is normally 45 pounds or 20Kg
Shoulder press 1 plate a side
Bench 2 plates each side
squat 3 plates a side
deadlift 4 plates a side
If you can do these you can call yourself strong, so setting a goal is a great way to motivate yourself, just don't rush it, it will take most people a few years to get there.